Key Takeaways
- Research indicates that rates of depression diagnoses are increasing among teens.
- Experts cite the COVID-19 pandemic and social media use as two major contributors to the teen mental health crisis. But other factors — like genetics, biology, hormones, and stress — may also play a role.
- Depression is a treatable condition, and teens can manage their symptoms with the right support. Teens with depression may benefit from individual and/or group therapy, family support, and medication (if needed).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a staggering 25% increase in depression worldwide. However, young people and women appear to be disproportionally impacted. Today, depression is estimated to affect one in five teenagers.
In young people, untreated depression can be characterized by loneliness, isolation, academic decline, and social problems. And, in severe cases, it can lead to suicide.* Fortunately, depression is a treatable mental health condition. You can play an important role in helping a teen in your life get the support they need to strengthen their mental health, balance their mood, and stay safe.
*A note on safety: Depression carries an increased risk of suicidality. If you’re having thoughts of harming yourself, or you’re worried about someone else, don’t hesitate to ask for help. You can contact the National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline by dialing 988 from any phone. Their counselors will provide confidential support and resources to help keep you safe.
Signs a teenager may have depression
Depression can take many different forms, depending on the person. But some of the most common signs of depression in teens include:
- Behavior changes: Depressed teens might be more likely to engage in harmful or risky behaviors, get into trouble, or become more hostile or argumentative.
- Substance use: Teens with depression are more vulnerable to drug and alcohol use.
- Social isolation: Depression can cause a teen to want to spend more time alone and avoid family and friends.
- Academic decline: When a teen has depression, they might begin struggling in school.
- Negative mood: Depression can lead to feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and a more negative outlook overall.
- Loss of interest: Depressed teens may seem less motivated and lose interest in activities they used to enjoy.
- Physical health: Sleep disturbance, low energy, and appetite changes can be signs of depression in teens.
- Suicidality: If a teen begins talking about death, dying, or suicide (or engaging in suicidal behavior), seek help immediately.*
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Why some teens become depressed
While we aren’t yet sure of all the underlying causes of major depressive disorder (MDD), a few known factors may increase a teen’s risk:
- Genetics: Depression seems to have an increased occurrence within families.
- Biology: Brain chemistry and structure may increase the likelihood of developing depression.
- Hormones: Hormonal changes can affect a teen’s mood and may increase the risk of depression.
- Stress: Experiencing stressful life events (i.e. bullying, loss of a loved one, or abuse) may make someone more vulnerable to depression.
Additionally, the sharp rise in depression among teenagers is frequently linked to social media use. Having a constant source of idealized, unrealistic content can negatively impact teens’ self-esteem. In addition, chronic smartphone use has been known to affect sleep and lead to isolation and loneliness.
So, if you notice that a teen you know constantly compares themselves to influencers online or stays up late scrolling on their phone, you may want to check in with them about their mental health.
How depression affects teens’ daily lives
Left untreated, depression can affect teens’ daily lives in many ways. It can impact their relationships with loved ones and make it more difficult to function socially and academically. Depression can also damage a young person’s self-esteem and cause them to withdraw from activities and interests they used to enjoy.
In severe cases, depression can be life-threatening.* Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people in the U.S., and depression can significantly increase a young person’s risk. So, if a teen in your life is showing signs of depression, don’t hesitate to seek professional help.
One of the most subtle signs of depression in the teen years is a change in outlook. If you notice a teen in your life shifting to speaking negatively about the world, future, and themselves, take note. This sign is a chance to dig into how they are doing. Yes, personalities and interests change a lot in the teen years, but depression could also be the driver of these changes.
Treatment options for depression in teenagers
It can be hard to see someone you love deal with depression, but this condition can be managed with the right support. Some of the most common treatment options for depression in teenagers include:
- Individual therapy: Therapy can help teens explore their feelings in a safe space. It can also help them learn new coping strategies and interrupt unhelpful thought or behavior patterns.
- Group support: Teens can attend support groups either in person or online that focus on a variety of topics. Having the opportunity to give and receive support from other young people can help teens feel less alone. Groups can also be a great place to practice the social skills necessary to build healthy relationships.
- Family therapy: As a parent, you can play an active role in your teen’s recovery. In family therapy, you can come together to improve communication and problem-solving skills, practice healthy conflict resolution, and strengthen your bonds.
- Medication: Medication can be helpful for teens living with depression. But some medications used to treat adults with depression may not be appropriate for teens. So, always talk to your provider if you have questions about medication.
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The teen years can be hard to navigate with depression. Left untreated, depression can impact every aspect of a young person’s life, and, in some cases, it can be life-threatening. Fortunately, depression is a highly treatable condition. With early detection and ongoing support, teens can learn to balance their mood, manage stress, and live happy, fulfilling lives.
At Rula, we’re committed to delivering a comprehensive behavioral health experience that helps people feel seen and understood so they can get back to feeling their best.
Rula makes it easier to find a licensed therapist or psychiatric provider who accepts your insurance so you don’t have to choose between affordable care and excellent care. With a diverse network of more than 15,000 providers, 24/7 crisis support, and appointments available as soon as tomorrow, we’re here to help you make progress — wherever you are on your mental health journey.
About the author
Liz Talago
Liz Talago, M.ed. is a mental health professional turned content writer and strategist based in the Detroit metro area. As an independent consultant for mental health organizations, Liz creates meaningful connections between brands and their audiences through strategic storytelling. Liz is known for championing diverse perspectives within the mental health industry and translating bold ideas into inspiring, affirming digital experiences.
In her free time, you can find her hiking with her two German Shepherds, puttering around her dahlia garden, or spending time with her family.
Rula's editorial process
Rula's editorial team is on a mission to make science-backed mental health insights accessible and practical for every person seeking to better understand or improve mental wellness.
Members of Rula’s clinical leadership team and other expert providers contribute to all published content, offering guidance on themes and insights based on their firsthand experience in the field. Every piece of content is thoroughly reviewed by a clinician before publishing.
