Fact or fiction: What’s the truth about ADHD?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. But despite how common it is, many aspects of the condition remain widely misunderstood. During ADHD Awareness Month in October, Rula is tackling some of the most common misconceptions about ADHD.

Myth 1: ADHD isn’t a real medical condition

Fact: Medical professionals recognize ADHD as a legitimate mental health condition. It affects brain functioning in areas related to attention, impulse control, and executive functioning. Studies show that ADHD has a strong genetic basis, and brain imaging research confirms differences in the brains of people with ADHD. 

Myth 2: ADHD only affects children

Fact: While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, it doesn’t simply go away with age. Many adults continue to experience symptoms throughout their lives. In fact, it’s common for adults to be diagnosed later in life when they recognize that their challenges with focus, organization, and impulsivity align with ADHD symptoms. 

Myth 3: ADHD is overdiagnosed

Fact: When awareness increases, more people seek help and receive appropriate diagnoses. So while ADHD diagnoses have increased, it simply means that people are seeking and receiving the help and support they need. In fact, many people — especially women and people of color —  go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for years.

Myth 4: ADHD causes a complete inability to focus

Fact: Perhaps one of the most misunderstood aspects of ADHD is hyperfocus. People with ADHD may sometimes become deeply absorbed in activities they find stimulating or rewarding. This can make it seem like they don’t have trouble with attention. But in reality, the challenge lies in regulating attention — both in sustaining focus when it’s needed and in shifting attention away when it’s not. 

Myth 5: People with ADHD are lazy or unmotivated 

Fact: ADHD is not a matter of laziness or lack of willpower. People with ADHD often want to complete tasks but may experience executive dysfunction, which can make it more difficult to plan, prioritize, and follow through. This doesn’t reflect a lack of effort or desire but rather a neurological challenge that they can manage with strategies and support. 

Myth 6: Everyone with ADHD is hyperactive 

Fact: Not all people with ADHD are hyperactive. ADHD comes in three primary types:

• Predominantly inattentive
• Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
• Combined

Some people with ADHD may have trouble focusing and staying organized without being overly active or impulsive. 

Myth 7: People with ADHD can’t succeed academically or professionally 

Fact: Many people with ADHD are incredibly successful in their academic and professional lives. While they may face challenges with organization, time management, or attention, creative coping strategies are available. ADHD can also come with unique strengths, such as creativity, problem solving, and the ability to think outside the box. 

Myth 8: Medication is the only treatment for ADHD 

Fact: While medication can be an effective part of ADHD treatment, it’s not the only option. Many people benefit from a combination of medication, talk therapy, lifestyle changes, and coping strategies. ADHD is a highly individualized condition. What works for one person may not work for another. 

Changing the narrative

Despite its prevalence, ADHD remains highly misunderstood. Spreading awareness is a critical step toward breaking down the stigma and misconceptions of ADHD. In doing so, more people with ADHD can feel empowered to get the support they need. If you or someone you know is experiencing ADHD symptoms, seeking a diagnosis and support can make a world of difference.